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What
is HESAS?
The
human genome comprises approximately 8% by the HERVs (Human
Endogenous RetroViruses) and other long terminal repeat (LTR)
like elements. Most of HERVs are inactive by multiple stop codons,
frame shifts, insertions, and deletions events. However, some
HERVs are expressed in human tissues and cell lines, indicating
that they have potential biological and pathological roles in
the human genome. Therefore, the HESAS (HERVs Expression and
Structure Analysis System) database was developed to understand
HERVs roles. The database shows expression and structure patterns
by HERV elements located in 26,980 genes regions. The HERV expression
patterns are indicated as exonization, contain, supply splicing
donor, acceptor, TSS (transcriptional start site), and polyA
signal. Genomic structure of HERV elements are predicted with
retroviral genes (gag, pro, RT, Rnase, Intergrase, and env)
by functional domain information and divided into 4 types according
to the state of LTR truncation.
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Schematic structure of a retroviral particle
TM, transmembrane
components; SU, surface components; IN, integrase;
CA, capsid protein; MA, matrix protein;
NC, nucleocapsid protein; RT, reverse transcriptase; PR, retroviral
protease.
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